CAUSES LEADING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
A CASE STUDY CONDUCTED AT PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36755/khaldunia.v1i1.45Keywords:
Pakistan, Punjab, Juvenile Prisons, Negligence, Juvenile DelinquencyAbstract
Juvenile Delinquency is unlawful act committed by the individual below the age of 18 years. The study was aimed to find out the causes of juvenile delinquency in Punjab, Pakistan. The study was also aimed to find out the demographic and socioeconomic information of the respondents as well as to investigate the possible risk factors of delinquency. The nature of the study was qualitative and case study method was applied. The population of the study was juvenile delinquents from prisons of the Punjab, Pakistan. The multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of Districts, Jails & respondents. The tool for data collection was interview guide and sample size was comprised of eight in-depth case studies. It is concluded that there are several socioeconomic causes leading to juvenile delinquency. The respondents claimed that family dysfunctions including restrictive behavior, parental negligence, improper supervision, and parental unlawful behavior are linked with juvenile delinquency. Some respondents reported that the motivation by peers and friends for indulgence in deviancy and peer rejection also become the leading causes of delinquency. The study also concluded that deteriorated neighborhood, direct exposure to violence and fighting movies on media also considered as the risk factors toward delinquency among juveniles. Moreover, the poverty, illiteracy, poor educational performance at school and lack of moral education may turn juvenilesinto delinquents.
Downloads
References
Albert, J. R., & Albert, C. R., (1991). “The Distribution of Juvenile Delinquency in the Social class Structure”, American Sociological review 26 (1961), in Freda Adler, Gerhard O.W. Mueller and William S. Laufer, Strain and Cultural Deviance Theories, Criminology, (New York: McGraw Hill) 124-125.
Afsrauddin, Mohammad, (1993) Juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh. World University Service Press, Dhaka university campus.
Anderson, C. A. (2000). AGGRESSION. Encyclopedia of Sociology. 2nd addition, 1
Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. (2002). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Becker, G. (1960), “Crime and Punishment:An Economic Approach”, Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2): 169-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/259394
Bor, W.,Najman, J.M., Andersen, J., O’Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., and Behrens, B.C. 1997. The relationship between low family income and psychological disturbance in young children: An Australian longitudinal study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31(5):664–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679709062679
Breivik, Kyrre, Dan Olweus, and Inger Endersen. 2009. ―Does the Quality of Parent–Child Relationships Mediate the Increased Risk for Antisocial Behavior and Substance Use among Adolescents in Single-Mother and Single-Father Families? Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 50:400–426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10502550902766282
CANTER, R.J. (1982). Family Delinquency. Criminology, M. (1974). Hellfire and Journal of Scientific study of Correlates of Male and Female 20(2):149-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1982.tb00454.x
Chester, C. R. (1976). Perceived relative deprivation as a cause of property crime. Crime & Delinquency. Retrieved April 26, 2007, from Sage Criminology database. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001112877602200103
Coie, J.D., Miller-Johnson, S., Terry, R., Lochman, J.E., Maumary-Gremaud, A., and Hyman, C. 1995. The influence of deviant peer associations on juvenile offending among African-American adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Boston, MA.
Demuth, S., & Brown, S. (2004). Family structure, family processes, and adolescent delinquency: The significance of parental absence versus parental gender. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41(1), 58-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427803256236
Derzon, J.H., and Lipsey, M.W. 2000. The correspondence of family features with problem, aggressive,criminal and violent behavior. Unpublished manuscript. Nashville, TN: Institute for Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University.
Derzon, J. H. (2005). Family features and problem, aggressive, criminal, or violent behavior: A meta-analytic inquiry. Unpublished manuscript. Calverton, MD: Pacific Institutes for Research and Evaluation.
FARRINGTON, D. (1986). Age and Crime. In M. Tonry&Norval (eds) , Crime and Justice. Chicago:University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/449114
Gumus, E. (2004), Crime in urban areas: An empirical investigation. Akdeniz I.I. B.F.Dergisi, Volume 7, pp. 98-109.
Hawkins, J.D., Herrenkohl, T., Farrington, D.P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R.F., and Harachi, T.W. 1998. A review of predictors of youth violence. In Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, edited by R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 106–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243740.n7
Herrenkohl, T.L., Maguin, E., Hill, K.G., Hawkins, J.D., Abbott, R.D., and Catalano, R.F. 2000. Developmental Risk factors for youth violence. Journal of Adolescent Health 26(7):176–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(99)00065-8
Hossan, M, A. (2002). Juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh and relevant thinking: An Assessment. Vol-7, Social Science Journal. Rajshahi University.
James S. Short, (1987) “Differential Association as a Hypothesis: Problems of Empirical testing, Social Problems”, Americal Sociological Review 52. 826-840
Jones, M.B., Offord, D.R., & Abrams, N. (1980). Brothers, sisters and antisocial behaviour. British Journal of zsychiatry, 136, 139-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.136.2.139
Khalid. M. D. (2001) Social work, fourth edition, chapter: 28, juvenile Delinquency, pp. 437 Frederick Thrasher’ Gang Theory (1936).
Krohn, Marvin D. (2005), “Inequality, Unemployment and Crime: A Cross-National Analysis” The Sociological Quarterly, Volume 17, Issue 3, pages 303–313, June 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1976.tb00984.x
Kudrat-e-Khuda (2019) Juvenile delinquency, its causes and justice system in bangladesh: a critical analysis. Journal of South Asian Studies. 07 (03) 2019. 109-118
Loeber, R., &Stouthammer-Loeber, M. (1986). Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency. In M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice, vol. 7. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/449112
Mahmood, K. and A. Cheema (2004). Determinants and maximum likelihood functions of juvenile crime in Punjab Pakistan (An international journal). Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad–38040, Pakistan.
Malik, M.A. &Shirazi., A. R., (2010) “An Analytical Review of Juvenile Delinquents In Jails Of Sindh Province: Some Problems And Suggestions to Over Com”,Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 4(1):43-54. Available at http://ideas.repec.org/s/iih/journl.html
Marte, R. M. (2008). Adolescent problem behavior: Delinquency, aggression and drug use. United State: LFB Scholarly Publishing.
Mayer, M. A. (1997). Aggression and Self-Injury: A Summary. http://www.cracon ferences.com/AggressisonAndSelfInjury. doc . Retrieved on 5-12-2008.
McCord, J., Widom, C.S., & Crowell, N.A., eds. (2001). Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Paranjape, Dr. N.V, (1998). Criminology and Penology. Central Law Publications. 107, Darchanga Colony, Allahbad-2.
(Quran) Chapter 45: Al-Jathiya, verse 13
(Quran) Chapter 5: Al-Ma'idah, verse 1-120
Report, Economic Survey of Pakistan (2013). Presented by Mr. Ishaq Dar, the Finance Minister to the government of Pakistan, p. iv. http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1213 [4-12-14].
Report, National Institute of Population Studies. (2013). Islamabad, Pakistan. pp.5-12. [4-12-14].
Report (2005), Prepared by SPARK, Strategic Promotion of Ageing Research Capacity. Available at www.sparc.ac.uk. Last visited on Wed,04 March,2015.
Robert, D. (2002). Living with crime. The implications of racial/ethnic differences in suburban location state Univ. of N.Y. at Albany, J. social forces. 74:20.
Sutherland, E.H. (1974). “Criminology Library of Congress”, United States America. P.75
Sykes, G., &Matza, D., (1975) “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency”, American Sociological Review 22 (1957): 664-670; David Matza, Delinquency and Drift (New York: John Wiley). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2089195
Talpur.F, P. A. (2011). Examining the causes of juvenile delinquency in Pakistan. Annual Research journal Vol. 4.
Ubah, C. (2007). Immigrants’ experiences in America: Toward under- standing organized crime. African Journal of Criminology and Jus- tice Studies, 3, 95.
Videon, Tami M. 2002. ―The Effects of Parent-Adolescent Relationships and Parental Separation on Adolescent Well- Being. ‖Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2):489-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00489.x
Weatherburn, Don. (2001), “what causes crime”, “crime and justice bulletin” Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 54
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Azka Murtaza, Dr. Yasir Nawaz Manj, Dr. Arshad Hussain Hashmi, , Muhammad Umar Zara, Dr. Manzoom Akhtar, Ali Asfand (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
